关键词: 南昌市, 湖泊, 鸟类多样性, 城市化, 水产养殖

Abstract: Diversity of birds in the five lakes of Nanchang during the period from October 2013 to April 2014 was investigated using the line transect and point count methods. A total of 114 species of birds belonging to 40 families 12 orders were recorded. Of the 114 species, 52 were water fowls, 3 [Oriental white stork (Ciconia boyciana), Black stork (Ciconia nigra),Siberian crane (Grus leucogeranus)] in the first category of national protected bird species and 6 in the second category of national protected bird species. In terms of type of settlement, residents and winter migrants dominated the species observed, accounting for 49.12% and 36.84%, respectively. Composition of the birds in type of settlement varied slightly with the season. Among the five lakes, the Aixi Lake was the highest (75 species) in number of bird species (F_4,30=5.474，P=0.002), but the lowest (33.33%) in proportion of water fowl species to the total bird species. The Junshan Lake was the lowest in number of bird species and of forest bird species. The Jinxi Lake, Qinglan Lake, Junshan Lake were higher than the Aixi Lake and Yao Lake in number of water fowl species. The Yao Lake was the highest in diversity and evenness indices of the bird species, while the Junshan Lake was the lowest, but the highest in dominance. Among the five lakes, the Aixi Lake and Yao Lake were the highest in similarity coefficient of bird species. Evenness of bird species in the five lakes was much higher during the two migratory periods than during the wintering period (F_2,4 =8.352, P=0.037). The number and percentage of water fowl species during the autumn migration period was quite similar to that, respectively, during the wintering period (F_2,4=10.111, P=0.027) and extremely and significantly (F_2,4=19.867, P=0.008) higher than that during the spring migration period. Urban lakes with reasonable exploitation can still provide a good living habitat for birds. Aquaculture may decrease diversity of bird species and simplify community structure of the birds.

Key words: Nanchang City, Lake, Bird species diversity, urbanization, aquaculture